1) How does Foucault's conception of the subject differ from the theories we've studied so far?
Focault's conception of the subject is different from the other theories we've studied because he believed that the dynamic between power and the individual self is the opposite of what Freud and the others we've studied think. While Freud believed that the self is created by experiences and is a representation of the true self, Focault believed that the self is not created, but defined by power and culture. Moreover, he believed that the self is even a vessel for the power of a society.

2) Why did Foucault coin the term "power/knowledge" and what does he mean by it?

He coined the term "power/knowledge" because he believed that the two were so inextricably intertwined that it's not worth mentioning one without the other. He believed that the act of defining, or sharing or creating knowledge, requires power. The act of exerting power over others, in turn, requires knowledge, or at least the perception that one has knowledge. He used the example of prisons to argue this point. In order for prisons to exist, those in power must use knowledge to define some acts as criminal and some acts as not. While this seems like a fairly academic or practical thing to do, upon closer inspection, we can see that it also requires an enormous amount of power. He also said that the people in power exert that power over others by simply informing them that prisons exist--and that this power effects the individual on the level of the subject. In essence, he argued that prisons get a lot of their power by existing in our minds in the form of knowledge, rather than by existing in the physical world.